Family and Consumer Sciences Education Facilities Guide

THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

Regents of The University

Robert M. Bennett, Chancellor, B.A., M.S. ................................................................ Tonawanda

Adelaide L. Sanford, Vice Chancellor, B.A., M.A., P.D. ........................................ Hollis

Saul B. Cohen, B.A., M.A., Ph.D.................................................................................... New Rochelle

James C. Dawson, A.A., B.A., M.S., Ph.D. .................................................................. Peru

Anthony S. Bottar, B.A., J.D. ..................................................................................... North Syracuse

Merryl H. Tisch, B.A., M.A., Ed. D. ............................................................................. New York

Geraldine D. Chapey, B.A., M.A., Ed.D.................................................................... Belle Harbor

Arnold B. Gardner, B.A., LL.B.................................................................................... Buffalo

Harry Phillips, 3rd, B.A., M.S.F.S. .............................................................................. Hartsdale

Joseph E. Bowman, Jr., B.A., M.L.S., M.A., M.Ed., Ed.D......................................... Albany

Lorraine A. CortÉs-VÁzquez, B.A., M.P.A............................................................ Bronx

James R. Tallon, jr., B.A., M.A. .................................................................................. Binghamton

Milton L. Cofield, B.S., M.B.A., Ph.D. ...................................................................... Rochester

John Brademas, B.A., Ph.D. .......................................................................................... New York

Carol Bellamy, A.B., J.D................................................................................................ Brooklyn

Roger B. Tilles, B.A., J.D.................................................................................................. Great Neck

President of The University and Commissioner of Education

Richard P. Mills

Chief of Staff

Counsel and Deputy Commissioner for Legal Affairs

Kathy A. Ahearn

Chief Operating Officer
Deputy Commissioner for the Office of Management Services
Theresa E. Savo

Deputy Commissioner for Elementary, Middle, Secondary, and Continuing Education

James A. Kadamus

Assistant Commissioner for Curriculum and Instructional Support

Jean C. Stevens

The State Education Department does not discriminate on the basis of age, color, religion, creed, disability, marital status, veteran status, national origin, race, gender, genetic predisposition or carrier status, or sexual orientation in its educational programs, services and activities. Portions of this publication can be made available in a variety of formats, including braille, large print or audiotape, upon request. Inquiries concerning this policy of nondiscrimination should be directed to the Department’s Office for Diversity, Ethics, and Access, Room 530, Education Building, Albany, NY 12234.

I. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The environment created by physical facilities is a significant factor in learning. Therefore, efforts must be made to assure the facilities support New York State Learning Standards as well as the National Family and Consumer Sciences Education Standards. A special thank you goes to the New York State Association of Family and Consumer Sciences Educators board for their foresight and direction in coordinating this project. Numerous educators listed below contributed to the development of this document to assist school districts in providing sound educational facilities and equipment for Family and Consumer Sciences Education.

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Facilities Team – 2005

NAME SCHOOL

Doreen L. Cechnicki Schenectady City Schools, Schenectady

Ann M. Coleman Niskayuna Central Schools, Niskayuna

Barbara M. Dozier Yonkers Public Schools, Yonkers

Rosanna R. Frank Brewster Central School District, Brewster – past president,

New York State Association of Family and Consumer Sciences

Educators

Jennifer S. Fritz Mohonasen Central Schools, Rotterdam

Sheryl R. Garofano North Syracuse Central Schools, North Syracuse

Jane G. Hawkins North Syracuse Central Schools, North Syracuse

Geraldine M. Pace Syracuse City School District, Syracuse

Theresa M. Phillips Oneida Central School District, Oneida – past president,

New York State Association of Family and Consumer Sciences

Educators

Rosemarie Z. Posillico Burnt Hills-Ballston Lake Central Schools, Glenville

Charlene G. Reagan Mamaroneck Union Free School District, Mamaroneck

Anne C. Root Massena Central Schools, Massena

Carol G. Ruby Rochester City School District, Rochester

Dawn B. Scagnelli Scotia Glenville Central Schools, Scotia

Linda G. Traynor Pittsford Central Schools, Pittsford

Shirley H. Ware North Syracuse Central Schools, North Syracuse – President,

New York State Association of Family and Consumer Sciences

Educators - Facility Guide Team Coordinator

Linda M. Zakrzewski Buffalo Public School District, Buffalo

Page

Acknowledgements iii

Forward iv

Table of Contents v

Introduction vi

Part I. The Curriculum 1

Part I describes the curriculum, relates facilities to learning objectives, and discusses the components of an effective learning environment.

Part II. The Space 4

Part II presents the characteristics of a suggested space and facilities plan and offers some general recommendations.

Part III. Classroom Furniture and Equipment 9

Part III provides guidelines for furnishing and equipping each of the instructional areas.

Part IV. Laboratory Facilities and Equipment 11

Part IV lists specific equipment and furnishings for each of the Family and Consumer Sciences laboratories.

Part I

THE CURRICULUM

The Curriculum

The Family and Consumer Sciences Curriculum contains a strong emphasis on developing Process Skills in Career and Technical Education Content Areas. The framework includes:

Grades 5,6,7,8 Home and Career Skills Course (3/4 – 1 unit)

This course focuses on the process skills of communication, leadership, management and thinking within the context of career development, clothing management, community connections, consumer resource management, family, financial management, human development, interpersonal relationships, nutrition and wellness, and personal environment management. It is recommended that instruction be 75 percent hands-on learning experiences.

Grades 9-12 Career and Financial Management Course (1 unit)

This course is required as part of every Career and Technical Education (CTE) program including five-unit CTE programs used as a substitution for the additional two units of foreign language needed for the Regents diploma with advanced designation. The Career and Financial Management content can be met either as a separate course or integrated into other courses in a CTE sequence. A hands-on approach is integral to the program.

Part A of the Career and Financial Management half-unit course provides students with the opportunity to learn about the features of our economy, explore a variety of careers, learn skills and competencies needed for success in the workplace, and to begin to become financially literate.

Part B of the Career and Financial Management requirement can be met by a student taking one-half unit of any career and technical education curriculum that either introduces students to a cluster of occupations or develops skills appropriate for a cluster of occupations.

Career and Financial Management has also been developed to allow students to begin to meet the Career Development and Occupational Studies (CDOS) Learning Standards at the commencement level. Students will be encouraged to begin or continue to develop a career plan familiar with the universal foundation skills (SCANS skills) that are needed to become successful citizens, employers, and employees.

All teachers certified to teach any subject in CTE in New York State are certified to teach this course.

Grades 9-12 Family and Consumer Sciences Clusters These clusters are the Family and Consumer Sciences, Career and Technical Education (CTE) program that can be used in a five-unit CTE program as a substitution for the additional two units of foreign language needed for the Regents diploma with advanced designation. In addition these courses are also used to fulfill academic and elective commencement requirements.

· Home and Personal Management Sequence focuses on personal, family, community living and working in a diverse global society.

· Human Services and Family Studies Sequence contains content information, practical skills, and career exploration related to growth and development throughout the human life cycle. A critical part of this program is direct experience with people of all ages, particularly young children.

· Food and Nutrition Sequence emphasizes human nutrition throughout the life cycle and food preparation and food service in the family and commercial, and hospitality settings. Laboratory experiences are essential to this program.

· Textiles and Design: Apparel and Environment Sequence pursues three strands of Career and Technical Education development: clothing design and production, fashion retailing, and interior furnishings and design. Laboratory experiences are an indispensable part of these courses.

Classrooms, Laboratories, and Equipment

Facilities for teaching the above curriculum will be, for the most part, the classrooms in which Family and Consumer Sciences courses have been taught in the past. With modifications, these classrooms should serve the instructional process very well.

In the Middle School/Junior High School, flexibility and adaptability are the key words in redesigning the facility. It is suggested that several multipurpose rooms be created. The Home and Career Skills laboratory/classroom should have a resource management center, a food and nutrition center, a textile and design center, a career information center, and a classroom area. The use of portable equipment that can be stored out of sight when not in use would make this a real multipurpose room. The center of the classroom would then remain free for large and small group activities.

The Family and Consumer Sciences high school level clusters, from the introductory CORE courses to the more advanced courses, must be taught in facilities that allow for classrooms to be supplemented with laboratory settings. In designing facilities for these programs, the departmental approach seems ideal: a series of interrelated, interconnecting rooms that provide flexible classroom space, laboratory space for food and nutrition, textiles/apparel and housing experiences, and space for human development experiences, including activities with people of various ages from infants to the elderly. The addition of appropriately placed storage and laundry space makes this department complete. The total number of classrooms would depend upon the number of students and staff to be served.

Due to the nature of all programs, the availability of a wide variety of instructional media, technology, and computer equipment will greatly enhance the effectiveness of instruction. All classroom areas should be designed to accommodate the use of such equipment.

Effective Learning Environment

Factors Influencing Space Planning

Whether or not a facility can provide an environment conducive to learning depends upon

three interdependent factors:

· the relative time to be devoted to teaching strategies;

· equal access for all students; and

· the degree to which a space is used for a specialized purpose, such as commercial food preparation, vis-à-vis the multipurpose use of the same space.

Learning Modes

The three typical learning modes – individual learning, interactive learning, and reactive learning are included in the various teaching strategies. Each of these modes requires a different kind of space.

· Individual learning requires adequate space as dictated by the learning activity. Students learn by active involvement in the application of processes. The teacher assists and acts as facilitator.

· Interactive learning requires small group space and lab space. Students learn by interacting with one another and with the teacher, as the teacher encourages all of the process skills.

· Reactive learning requires large group space. Students learn primarily by listening, observing, and writing. The teacher presents information to the entire class using a variety of instructional media, technology, and other teaching aids to enhance instruction.

It is important when planning facilities for the Family and Consumer Sciences curriculum to keep to a minimum the amount of space assigned to one specific use. Use of portable equipment and multipurpose space allows much more flexibility. Flexibility is of greatest importance in the space where Home and Career Skills will be taught because of the breadth of experiences involved.

Part II

THE SPACE

The facilities should ensure safety, exemplify the principles of good management and convey an immediate visual impression of logical order and planned arrangement. They should represent standards that are attainable in the community, while reflecting new developments in equipment and furnishing. Hands-on experiences must be incorporated into the curriculum at each level, as well as the space to accommodate these experiences.

When designing multipurpose space that will accommodate all three modes of learning, consideration should be given to the following points:

1. The instructor should have a complete view of the area being used at all times, for safety as well as instructional reasons.

2. The entire area should be without partitions, posts, or other barriers, to the greatest extent possible.

3. Traffic patterns should be planned to ensure safe and orderly passage.

4. Stationary units to be used in resource management experiences related to foods, clothing, and environments should be arranged around the perimeter of the laboratory, rather than projecting into it.

5. Space should be planned considering varied size of students, physical needs, and any special space requirements for physical aids.

General Planning Guidelines

Given the nature of the Family and Consumer Sciences curriculum, a number of basic underlying assumptions can be made about the space and facilities necessary for the implementation of this curriculum.

1. Educational objectives and student safety should dictate the nature of the space and facilities to be provided.

2. Facility accessibility must accommodate the diverse and varying special needs of all students.

3. If every teaching station cannot be totally equipped, accessibility to specialized support facilities and services should be provided.

4. Physical arrangements should facilitate cooperative planning among appropriate staff members.

5. Mobile, multipurpose equipment and furnishings should be selected to allow flexibility in planning and instruction.

6. Accessible and convenient storage space for equipment, supplies, and student projects should be provided since it contributes to effective and efficient use of space.

7. Space and facilities should be considered within the context of the total educational program. They can be supplemented through the use of community resources.

8. Sufficient accommodations for recycling and disposal of waste materials must be used.

9. Adequate ventilation and exhaust fans are needed for safety in laboratory areas.

Location

In determining the placement of the Family and Consumer Sciences facility within the school building, it is important to consider the relationship of this program to other programs, accessibility by persons involved in the program, proximity to service facilities such as lavatory and locker areas, and the ways in which the equipment and storage must be shared. For convenience in the delivery of supplies and the installation of equipment, an easily accessible street level floor location, ramps and elevator are recommended, if a first floor location is not possible. Ease of access for special groups, such as young children, older adults, and disabled people, is desirable for optimum use of the facility.

Space Allocation for All-Purpose Room

A minimum of 1200 square feet is recommended in each all-purpose Family and Consumer Sciences classroom. This space should accommodate a recommended maximum class size of 24 students (50 square feet per student). These measurements do not include storage space. If one centralized storage area is to contain laundry equipment, instructional media equipment, supplies, and portable equipment of various kinds, an additional area of up to 200 square feet would be considered practical.

Space Allocations for Specialization Courses (Square Feet)

Cluster	Classroom Area (sq. ft.)	Laboratory Area (sq. ft.)	Adjacent Area (sq. ft.)
Human Services and Family Studies (recommended maximum 24 students)	770	1000 plus 4000 outdoor*	300
Food and Nutrition (recommended maximum 24 students)	770	1200	300
Textiles and Design: Apparel (recommended maximum 24 students)	770	1200	300
Textiles and Design: Housing and Environment (recommended maximum 24 students)	770	1200	300
*Early Childhood Education outdoor laboratory facilities.

Floors

Safety and sanitation, as well as aesthetics and economics, should be important factors in the selection of flooring. Carpeting is not recommended due to high maintenance and sanitation. Therefore, it should be restricted to areas where it is necessary for a specific activity, such as in a play area for young children in the nursery school.

A good commercial grade of sheet vinyl is the preferred flooring in the foods laboratory, while vinyl tile or hardwood would be satisfactory flooring for other areas. Installations for commercial food programs may require a quarry tile floor, baseboards, and a floor drain, especially in the dishwashing and sanitation area.

Walls

Wall surfaces should be as clear of obstructions as possible. Walls provide backgrounds for charts, posters, projection screens, displays, etc. Wall finishes should be washable. Schools must strictly adhere to fire codes.

To subdivide space, movable screens or area dividers are less expensive and more flexible than permanent walls. A standard four-feet-wide panel covered with vinyl or fabric, or having a tack surface or sliding chalkboard/tack surface, is a versatile option that creates usable wall space as well as serving to partition off areas for small group or individual study.

Work Surfaces

Horizontal work surfaces require a smooth, acid resistant plastic laminate or similar material.

There are two considerations when selecting the appropriate height for counters and work tables. The 36-inch height is the standard on the market and is in common use in homes and in the workplace. As the standard, this size of table and cabinet is priced more economically. A lower work height for young teens in the Home and Career Skills program would be very suitable. A 34-inch height is maximum for ADA accessible workstations. Furthermore, portable equipment, such as personal computers, sewing machines, individual viewing carrels, cash registers, etc., may be used more comfortably at heights lower than 36 inches. It is recommended that a multipurpose room include work surfaces of both the 36-inch height counter and work table and the 34-inch height counter and work table to make the room accessible.

Ceilings

Minimum ceiling height in schools is required to be nine feet. In areas being designed for specialized activities, ceiling materials should have sound absorption and light reflective properties. A washable surface is required in food preparation areas.

Windows

Window treatments should allow for the control of natural light and ventilation and are required to be fire resistant. Opaque, darkening shades should be available in rooms where audiovisual equipment will be used. If draperies or blinds are to be used, aesthetics and safety should be considered along with ease and cost of maintenance. Energy conservation features should also be a factor.

Utility Systems

Coordination of basic systems such as heating, ventilation, windows, exhaust fans, air conditioning, and lighting is essential at the design stage. Architects and engineers should ensure maximum efficiency, convenience, and safety as well as compliance with the applicable codes.

In planning heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, year round use as well as seasonal use must be considered. Clearance for vents from the heating and cooling system must be maintained at all times. Equipment and other large objects should not block the passage of air. Special attention must be given to areas in which an excess of heat, fumes, and/or moisture is produced and exhaust fans are used. This would also include the range area. These areas will need auxiliary ventilation.

The electrical design engineer is responsible for meeting local, state, and federal codes on all electrical systems, such as communications, smoke and fire detectors, and security, as well as systems for light and power. Input from teachers and other users on matters of effective lighting and the convenient placement of outlets, etc., is essential in the design and planning phase.

The quality and quantity of natural and artificial light must be adequate for specialized work areas as well as for general illumination. Consider a mix of color and quality of fluorescent, incandescent, and natural sources for adequate nonglare, shadowless light. Classrooms with unusually high ceilings and tall windows will have more natural light and will need less artificial light than will rooms with the nine-foot standard ceiling and smaller windows. Lighting requirements should be considered in the planning of location, spacing, and switching of the room lighting system. Special lighting for displays and dimming capabilities for audiovisual areas are also significant factors to include in planning.

Safety and convenience must both be served in providing power for areas where there will be high equipment use. Consider all small and large appliance amp/volt ratings to dictate the spacing, location, and number of outlets per circuit. The high power requirements of electric ranges and dryers (usually 220 volts) need to be planned for and located even more carefully. Standards and codes dictate placement of outlets to some extent; however, placement of equipment and heavy furniture should also be considered. Easy access to outlets is essential. If at all possible, avoid placing outlets in the floor. Ground Fault Interrupters should be used in all 15- and 20-ampere outlet branch circuits. A system of emergency electric shutdown should be in place.

All of the Family and Consumer Sciences programs require a water supply of sufficient volume, temperature, and pressure to operate kitchen and laundry equipment. There must be enough hot water to last through the day and meet sanitation and safety requirements.

Storage

Adequate space and functional design of storage should be one of the most carefully considered aspects of the facilities plan. Convenient and well-planned storage serves as an example to students who are learning good management.

The location of general storage units is an early planning decision that must be made. General storage may be accomplished in a separate storeroom or within each classroom laboratory, or both. The advantages of a separate room are (1) greater security and (2) release of classroom space for other purposes. The advantage of in-room storage is ease of access. A general storage area should include the following features:

· open, adjustable shelves for books and print resources;

· locked storage for supplies, records, tests, and teachers’ personal belongings;

· closed cabinets with adjustable shelves for teaching resources;

· closed storage with space for hanging garments;

· standard four-drawer filing cabinet;

· double-door cabinets with horizontal spaces to hold tote trays for student projects and limited access supplies and equipment;

· flat or bin-type storage for posters, craft paper, patterns, etc.;

Sheryl R. Garofano North Syracuse Central Schools, North Syracuse

Linda M. Zakrzewski Buffalo Public School District, Buffalo

FOREWORD

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part IV. Laboratory Facilities and Equipment 11

INTRODUCTION

Part I

The Curriculum

Classrooms, Laboratories, and Equipment

Effective Learning Environment

Learning Modes

Part II

General Planning Guidelines

Space Allocation for All-Purpose Room

Cluster

Housing and

Floors

Walls

Ceilings

Windows

Utility Systems

Storage