GHG Online - Crusades

NYSED Global History and Geography Online Resource Guide

Unit 2

Core Curriculum

Essential Questions

Focus Questions

Vocabulary

Scholarship

Helpful Hints

Resources for Teachers
(Books/Articles,
Visuals/Music)

Visuals

Learning Experience(s)

Assessments

home > units >unit2> Crusades

G. Crusades

1.	Causes
2.	Impacts on Southwest Asia, Byzantium, and Europe
3.	Perspectives
4.	Key individuals—Urban II, Saladin, and Richard the Lion-Hearted

Essential Questions

•	Are conflicts between nations and/or people inevitable?
•	Do belief systems unite or divide people?
•	How do the movements of people and ideas (cultural diffusion) affect world history?

Focus Questions

•	What were the causes and results of the Crusades of the late 11^th – 13^th centuries?
•	What was the importance of Jerusalem, Constantinople, and Venice to the Crusades?
•	How did the Crusades impact:
	• • • • • • • • •	the role of the Catholic Church feudalism trade and commerce the Italian city-states East/West relations knowledge of science and technology economic systems knowledge of other cultures the role of kings?
•	In what ways did the Crusades bring about the European Renaissance?
•	What impact did the Mongols have on the Crusades?
•	Why were the Crusades viewed differently by Eastern Orthodox Christians, Roman Christians, and Muslims?
•	Why did the following groups of people participate in the Crusades?
	• • • • •	lords vassals knights kings children
•	What were the roles of Urban II, Saladin, and Richard-the-Lion-Hearted in the Crusades?

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Vocabulary

crusade	papal bull
crusader states	pilgrimage
Holy Land	seige warfare
holy war	shrine

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Scholarship

	Braudel, Fernand (translated by Richard Mayne). 1993 . A History of Civilizations. New York: Penguin Books.

	McNeill, William H. 1998. *Plagues and Peoples*. Garden City, NY: Anchor Press.

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Helpful Hints

•	Have students develop a timeline of the Crusades from 1096 to the late 1290s, when the last Christian outposts in the Holy Land fell to the Muslims.
•	Have students trace the routes to the Crusades, and various cities along these routes, including the key cities of Jerusalem, Acre, Venice, and Constantinople.
•	Teachers should help students appreciate that different groups may view the same event in different ways.
•	Students should understand the causes of the Christian military campaigns, the political, social, and economic (as well as religious) reasons for crusaders’ participation in the pilgrimages, and the significant impact of the Crusades on western Europe. The Crusaders ended Europe’s intellectual isolation, and Arabic and Greek manuscripts gave Europeans access to the work of the ancient Greek philosophers.

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Resources for Teachers (Books/Articles, Visuals/Music)

	Andrea, Alfred J. 2003. Encyclopedia of the Crusades. Greenwood Press.

	Caner, Ergun Mehmet and Emir Fethi Caner. 2004. Christian Jihad: Two Former Muslims Look at the Crusades and Killing in the Name of Christ. Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications.

	Hallam, Elizabeth, ed. 1996. Chronicles of the Crusades: Eye-witness Accounts of the Wars Between Christianity and Islam. Color Library Books.

	France, John. 1999. Western Warfare in the Age of the Crusades, 1000-1300. Cornell University Press.

	Gabrieli, Francesco. 1993. Arab Historians of the Crusades. New York: Barnes and Noble Books.

	Hillenbrand, Carole. 1999. *The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives*. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishing.

	Laiou, Angeliki E. and Roy Parvis Mottaheden, eds. 2001. The Crusades from the Eastern Perspective: Byzantium and the Muslim World. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.

	Mitchell, Piers D. 2004. Medicine in the Crusades: Warfare, Wounds, and the Medieval Surgeon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

	Riley-Smith, Jonathan. 1995. *The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades. New York:* Oxford University Press.

	Regan, Geoffrey. 1998. Lionhearts: Richard I, Saladin and the Era of the Third Crusade. New York: Walker.

	Setton, Kenneth Meyer, ed. 1989. A History of the Crusades Vol I and II. University of Wisconsin Press.

	Stearns, Peter, ed. 1998. World History in Documents: A Comparative Reader. Ne York: New York University Press.

	Williams, Paul L. 2002. *The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Crusades.* Indianapolis, IN: Alpha Books.

	Wise, Terence. 1978. Armies of the Crusades. Osprey Publishers.

	Chronica Regiae Coloniensis Continuatio prima, s.a.1213, MGH SS XXIV 17-18, translated by James Brundage, 1962, *The Crusades: A Documentary History*. Milwaukee, WI: Marquette University Press.213.ise.

	“Enter the Crusaders.” The Economist. Dec. 31, 1999, 72.

	“Retracing the First Crusade.” National Geographic. Sep. 1989, 326-365.

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Visuals


	Map of the Crusades http://history.missouristate.edu/jchuchiak/Crusades%20Mapssss.gif


	Crusader Battle Art http://www.genealogysource.com/crusades.jpg

Crusader Stronghold in the County of Tripoli, Syria ca. 1250 http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/crus/hd_crus.htm
	The Crusades http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1k.html http://www.kyrene.k12.az.us/schools/brisas/sunda/ma/1kyle.htm http://gbgm-umc.org/umw/bible/crusades.stm http://www.crusades.org/ http://www.homeusers.prestel.co.uk/church/chivalry/crusades.htm

	Map of Crusades http://history.missouristate.edu/jchuchiak/HST 101--Lecture 20-- Maps_of_europe_during_the_crusad.htm http://www.umich.edu/~iinet/worldreach/assets/docs/crusades/Maps.html

	Crusader Battle Art http://www.37thtexas.org/image/crusades.jpg The Metropolitan Museum of Art: Timeline of Art History http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/splash.htm?HomePagLink=toah_1

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Learning Experience(s)

Note: To date there have been no Learning Experiences submitted for this subsection. If you wish to submit one, please visit http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/ciai/socst/sscontentcall.html

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Assessments

Editor's Note: All state examinations are aligned to the New York State Learning Standards for Social Studies and Social Studies Resource Guide with Core Curriculum. The chart below specifies where these alignments have occurred (from June 2000 to the present).

Core Curriculum:

Global History and Geography Regents:

1.	Causes
2.	Impacts on Southwest Asia, Byzantium, and Europe

August 2002 DBQ, Migration

June 2006 Thematic, Conflict

2.	Impacts on Southwest Asia, Byzantium, and Europe

August 2000 Thematic, Science and Technology

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