Standard 4
Science

Students will: understand and apply scientific concepts, principles, and theories pertaining to the physical setting and living environment and recognize the historical development of ideas in science.

Physical Setting

 

Key Ideas: Numbers
Performance Indicators: Bullets

 

Students will:

Elementary

Intermediate

Commencement

4. Energy exists in many forms,
and when these forms change energy is conserved.
•describe a variety of forms of energy (e.g., heat, chemical, light) and the changes that occur in objects when they interact with those forms of energy

• observe the way one form of energy can be transformed into another form of energy present in common situations (e.g., mechanical to heat energy, mechanical to electrical energy, chemical to heat energy)

 • describe the sources and identify the transformations of energy observed in everyday life

• observe and describe heating and cooling events

• observe and describe energy changes as related to chemical reactions

• observe and describe the properties of sound, light, magnetism, and electricity

• describe situations that support the principle of conservation of energy

 • observe and describe transmission of various forms of energy

• explain heat in terms of kinetic molecular theory

• explain variations in wavelength and frequency in terms of the source of the vibrations that produce them, e.g., molecules, electrons, and nuclear particles

• explain the uses and hazards of radioactivity

5. Energy and matter interact through forces that result in changes in motion.
• describe the effects of common forces (pushes and pulls) on objects, such as those caused by gravity, magnetism, and mechanical forces

• describe how forces can operate across distances

 • describe different patterns of motion of objects

• observe, describe, and compare effects of forces (gravity, electric current, and magnetism) on the motion of objects

 • explain and predict different patterns of motion of objects (e.g., linear and angular motion, velocity and acceleration, momentum and inertia)

• explain chemical bonding in terms of the motion of electrons

• compare energy relationships within an atom’s nucleus to those outside the nucleus